Pollination by Three Species of Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) Increase Seed Set of Mustard (Brassica rapa L.: Brassicaceae)

Pollination and fertilization are critical factors in horticultural cultivation to increase seed production. In this study, we measured the visiting activity pollination of three species stingless bees, i.e., Tetragonula laeviceps, Lepidotrigona terminata, Heterotrigona itama mustard (Brassica rapa). Visiting bees were observed plants caged by an insect screen. The observations done visually per hour, starting from 07:00 until 16:00, using focal sampling method. activities flower handling time, foraging rate, total visit plant. We also pollen load each bee species. Results showed highest rate occurred H. (28.38 flowers/5 minutes), followed T. laeviceps (27.88 L. terminata (27.85 respectively. longest time was found (40.15 seconds), (35.25 (34.84 seconds). Whereas, (40.10 (37.47 (36.76 minutes). has a (36,650 grains), (26,940 (9,700 27-40% number pods plant, 32-72% seeds pod, 32-54% weight 18-36% germination mustard.